Dyslexia and Chinese

读写障碍与华文学习的联系

Dyslexia affects the learning of all languages. Simply put, dyslexia affects how your child processes the sound of the language. Besides difficulties in reading and writing in the language, very often, your child's processing skills are also affected. The learning of Chinese can also be more challenging for your child because of the way Chinese characters are written.

读写障碍影响所有语言的学习。简单的来说，读写障碍影响孩子处理语音的能力。除了阅读和书写方面的困难，孩子的加工能力也受到了影响。汉字的书写方式也会使孩子在学习华文的过程中更具有挑战性。

Common difficulties

常见错误

1. Limited vocabulary

词汇贫乏，识字量较同辈少

2. Wrong association of words

听写能力差，错误字词联系

3. Poor retention of learning

容易忘记已学过的字词

4. Poor understanding of radical positions

缺乏组字知识，不知道部件的位置，例如提手旁与手字底

5. Easily confused with visually, phonetically or semantically-similar characters;

易混淆字形、字音相近或字义相连的汉字, 如：午/牛；因/阴；校/学

6. Untidiness，incorrect strokes order, out of proportion

书写时 字体东歪西倒，笔顺错误，大小比例不均

7. Laborious writing

写字速度比同辈缓慢，抄写时容易感到疲倦或不耐烦

8. Adds or omits strokes

增删笔画，例如：大 vs 太、本 vs 木

9. Inversion

部首左右或上下倒转 ，例如：唱/“昌口”

Orton-Gillingham Approach and Chinese Teaching

奥顿吉林翰的教学原则与华文教学

Diagnostic-Prescriptive: Before your child starts intervention with us, there is profiling for us to get to know your child better. This allows your child to be in a class that is suited for him/her. Informal tests are also done in the classroom for us to know how much your child knows or has learnt and what to teach next.

以学生的需要与能力为中心：在您的孩子加入我们之前，我们会进行一个一小时的语言能力测试，以便我们更好地了解您的孩子的学习能力，让他进入适合他的班级。课堂上也会有非正式的测试，让我们更好地掌握您的孩子的学习程度，以及之后的教学内容。

Language-based: Your child will learn language rules. These language rules help them to read and write in Chinese.

以语文的性质和结构为基础：您的孩子会学习语言系统当中的语言规则。这些语言规则可以帮助他们更好地掌握华文阅读和写作。

Cognitive: Your child is taught to think about his/her learning, understand the reasons behind them and how to use the strategies to help them develop their skills in reading, spelling and writing.

认知性：您的孩子会学习如何掌握自己的学习情况，并且理解其背后的原因，以及如何应用一些技巧来帮助自己提升阅读、听写和写作的能力。

Emotionally Sound: Learning is pegged at the level of your child's ability with a reasonable level of challenge

注重学生的感受：学习进度会根据您的孩子的学习能力而做出相应的调整，提供适度的挑战性。

Simultaneously Multi-sensory: We use a mix of the learning pathways: seeing, hearing, feeling and awareness of motion to help your child understand what is to be learnt with greater ease and success.

同时并用多重感官：我们运用不同的学习途径，比如：视觉、听觉、触觉和动作来帮助您的孩子更好地学习。

Structured, sequential and cumulative: Reviews help your child to better retain what they have learnt. New skills are taught in bite-sizes with easy-to-follow instructions. The teaching of higher-order language skills of reading comprehension and writing starts with simpler skills such as speaking and listening.

有结构、按部就班、循序渐进的方式 ：复习活动能帮助您的孩子更好地存储已学过的知识。新技能的教学会以小板块的形式，以及简单易懂的指示语来进行。教学也会先从更简单的技能开始，例如口语和听力技能，循序渐进地教阅读理解及写作技能 。

Chinese Teaching Methodology 

Riding on the teaching methodology of the successful evidence-based Chinese programme at DAS, every stage of learning of our One-to-One tutoring ensures that the child follows a structured literacy intervention that fosters a love for learning and equips students with strategies to learn independently facilitated by parents outside of the classroom.

通过结构化的课程、策略性的教学和家长的协助，培养我们的学生成为独立的学习者，并且热爱华语

To motivate children to learn, we will build their interest first. We set up a safe and friendly learning environment, to encourage students to use the language as much as they can. To make Chinese more interesting and useful, our lesson plans are full of activities and games, we also choose thematic-based topics which are closer to their daily life

为了鼓励孩子学习，我们必须先引起学生学习的兴趣。我们建立了安全友好的学习环境，鼓励学生多说华语。我们在课堂上也设计不同的活动和游戏进行教学，这些活动都是以主题式进行教学的，字词都是学生日常生活中会用到的字词。这样一来，学生可以学以致用。

Content covered

教学内容

We adopt a thematic-based approach and focus on word recognition strategies to help students over their challenges when learning Chinese characters.

我们采用主题式教学，注重识字法来帮助学生克服学习汉字的困难。

Depending on the ability of your child, we may cover the following components in the classroom:

根据您孩子的能力，我们在课堂可能教授以下的板块：

• Oracy skills: Listening and Speaking 听说能力
• Thematic Vocabulary 主题式词语
• Sentence Structure 句型
• Word Recognition Skills 识字法
• Reading comprehension 阅读理解
• Writing 写作
• Examination skills 应考技巧

Resources Used